Immunohistochemistry: Techniques and Significance in Modern Disease Diagnosis
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a laboratory method used to detect specific antigens in tissue samples using antibodies. It plays a vital role in cancer diagnosis, infectious disease detection, and biomarker research. IHC helps pathologists determine cell origin, tumor subtype, and disease progression.
In cancer diagnostics, IHC identifies protein expression patterns, such as HER2 in breast cancer or PD-L1 in immunotherapy selection. It guides physicians in choosing targeted therapies, improving treatment outcomes.
IHC involves sample preparation, antigen retrieval, antibody binding, visualization, and interpretation. Automated IHC analyzers ensure consistent staining, reduce variability, and increase throughput.
Beyond oncology, IHC is used in neurology, cardiology, autoimmune disease research, and toxicology. With advancements in antibody development and digital pathology, IHC continues to evolve as a cornerstone of precision medicine.
FAQQ1: What is IHC used for?To detect proteins in tissue samples for disease diagnosis.
Q2: Why is it important in cancer care?It identifies tumor markers that guide targeted treatment.
Q3: What improves IHC accuracy?Automation, high-quality antibodies, and digital analysis.